Its use in intensive care for spontaneously breathing patients is well established and novel uses are emerging in anaesthesia. High flow nasal oxygen (HFNO) is delivered through specialised nasal cannula and can achieve a flow rate of up to 70 L/min and FiO2 near 100% (1). The patient therefore entrains room air with inspiration and does not get the desired oxygen concentration (1,2). ![]() These conventional oxygen delivery devices fail to supply oxygen at high enough flow rates to match a patient’s peak inspiratory flow rate. Typically they deliver a low flow of nonhumidified oxygen at up to 15 L/min, often without a defined fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) concentration. The delivery of oxygen to patients is conventionally via face masks or nasal cannula. ![]()
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